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UVB rays are primarily responsible for:

  1. Tanning without harm

  2. Deep skin penetration

  3. Skin burns and surface level impacts

  4. Strengthening the skin's immunity

The correct answer is: Skin burns and surface level impacts

The correct answer highlights the key role of UVB rays in relation to skin effects. UVB rays are a type of ultraviolet radiation that primarily affects the outer layer of the skin, leading to erythema, commonly known as sunburn. These rays are particularly intense during midday and can cause immediate harm to the skin, including redness, blistering, and peeling, which can be classified as surface-level impacts. While UVB rays do play a role in the tanning process, this tanning often comes with harmful consequences, making option A less accurate. Deep skin penetration is mainly associated with UVA rays, which can affect deeper skin layers and contribute to issues such as photoaging and potential skin cancer. Therefore, option B doesn't accurately represent the primary function of UVB rays. The idea of strengthening the skin's immunity linked to UVB rays does not hold up under scrutiny, as excessive UV exposure can actually lead to immune suppression rather than enhancement. This removes option D from consideration as well. Thus, the focus on skin burns and surface level impacts correctly captures the primary responsibility of UVB rays.